Music is made up of multiple elements including tempo (speed), rhythm, timbre (sound qualities), dynamics (loudness), harmony, melody (pitch), and sometimes lyrics. Dancers illustrate this phenomenon beyond timing or rhythm as they capture musical meaning from the full spectrum of music including melody and harmony with their bodies (Quiroga Murcia & Kreutz, 2012). We breathe in time, move in time, and our hearts may even beat in time (Levitin & Tirovolas, 2009 Zatorre, Chen, & Penhune, 2007). When we listen to music, our bodies respond automatically (Burger, Thompson, Luck, Saarikallio, & Toiviainen, 2013). ![]() While we may take the influence of music for granted, there are complex interactions occurring in our brains and bodies that impact our physical movement, thoughts, and feelings (Altenmüller & Schlaug, 2012 Koelsch, Fritz, Cramon, Müller, & Friederici, 2006). Our bodies respond to music in conscious and unconscious ways (Clark, Baker, & Taylor, 2016). Active music-making opportunities including choirs and drumming circles are also becoming increasingly popular as a means of supporting physical and emotional health (Clift, 2012 Davidson & Emberly, 2012). With recent advances in technology, people of all ages appropriate music with affordances such as vigor, mastery, and tranquility, so they can regulate their energy levels for everyday purposes (for example, exercise or relaxation) (DeNora, 2000). Humans have used music throughout history and across diverse cultures as an environmental modifier to change the way their bodies move and feel (Schneck & Berger, 2006). We hope that you find these articles interesting, whether reading as a MOOC learner, a regular VOICES reader, or someone who is discovering VOICES for the first time. These papers have been written with a particular audience in mind-that is, the learners who participate in the MOOC, who may not have had previous readings in any of the fields being canvassed. Each author has highlighted the theorists and researchers who have influenced their thinking, and included references to their own research or music practices where appropriate. Thirteen authors agreed to develop position papers for the MOOC, with two articles being developed to accompany each of the six topics within it. Applications using music in rehabilitation are also provided to illustrate health-promoting qualities of music.Įditorial note: In 2016, Voices hosted a special edition to accompany the launch of a Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) on the topic of "How Music Can Change Your Life". This article explains these physiological responses to music and provides guidelines for consideration when selecting music to evoke desired bodily responses. ![]() The body’s responses to music are both conscious and unconscious, involving entrainment with rhythm, hormonal and neurological reactions, and changes in mood, emotion, and pain perception. ![]() Whether to motivate us for exercise or to help us unwind after a busy day, we seem to have an intuitive understanding about the influences music has on our bodies. ![]() Music is widely used by people of all ages as a stimulant and relaxant to manage everyday situations. How Music Can Influence the Body: Perspectives From Current Researchīy Imogen Nicola Clark & Jeanette Tamplin Abstract
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